What must be true for Nathan, who assisted with a real estate transaction without a license?

In a real estate context, individuals are generally required to have a valid license to engage in activities related to real estate transactions, such as assisting buyers and sellers. For Nathan's situation, if he is recognized as a public official whose duties include handling real estate transactions, this could exempt him from the licensing requirements typically imposed on private individuals. Certain public officials may be permitted to engage in real estate activities as part of their official roles without needing to obtain a real estate license, as their actions might be sanctioned by law or government policy.

The other options do not provide valid exemptions. Claiming that Nathan is operating illegally would be correct only if he isn't a public official or doesn't have any of the exemptions. If Nathan were a licensed broker in another state, that would not necessarily apply to his actions in Kentucky without a reciprocal agreement or license recognition. A temporary permit to act would imply that he meets some regulatory requirements, which contradicts the idea that he was merely assisting without a license. Thus, the correct response hinges on the unique situations that can arise for public officials in real estate roles.